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Michael Charles Tobias (born June 27, 1951) is an American author, ecologist, mountaineer, and filmmaker. His concerns include "the anthropology of conscience", which emphasizes humanity's capacity for non-violence, compassion, and tolerance.〔"Red listed biodiversity threatened," by Jane Gray Morrison and Michael Tobias, www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=7638, 7/23/08〕 Tobias is an advocate for animal rights;〔See "Michael Tobias," pp.269–278, ''People Promoting And People Opposing Animal Rights – In Their Own Words'', ed. by John M. Kistler, Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, 2002.〕 In 2004 Tobias was honored with the ''Parabola Magazine'' Focus Award for his body of work in defense of the Earth.〔Explore the Power of Myth in film at Mythic Journeys ()〕 Ingrid Newkirk, co-founder and President of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, described Tobias as "one of the world’s great souls."〔()〕 Tobias is known for his novel, and 1991 ten-hour dramatic television series, ''Voice of the Planet'' for Turner Broadcasting starring William Shatner, as well as his best-selling book ''World War III: Population and the Biosphere at the End of the Millennium''. Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck, first wife of the 4th King of Bhutan, described Tobias' efforts as being "invaluable for policymakers and scientists...(and) inspiration for the next generation of young ecologists wanting to make a difference in the world."〔From the Queen of Bhutan's foreword to ''Sanctuary: Global Oases of Innocence'', by Michael Tobias and Jane Gray Morrison, p. ix, Council Oak Books.〕 ==Early studies== Tobias received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1977 in the History of Consciousness. The Himalayas, and mountains in general, are an important influence on his work. He was the first review editor for the journal ''Mountain Research and Development'', and some of his early climbing fiction and non-fiction appeared in such journals as ''Climbing'', ''The Mountain Gazette'', and ''Mountain Magazine'', most notably an early essay entitled "The Anthropology of Ascent." He made hundreds of mountaineering ascents, including many first ascents. Among his climbs was the first known solo ascent of the sheer wall on Mount Sinai. In 1973, he lived in a cave above the Saint Catherine's Monastery in Egypt while attending the University of Tel Aviv and writing one of his earliest books, ''Dhaulagirideon''; his research in Sinai was the subject of an essay in ''Mountain Magazine'' entitled "Pondering the Imponderable." In 1984, he wrote, produced, and directed a mountaineering film, ''Cloudwalker'' for the UK's Channel 4. It chronicled a failed attempt at a first ascent on a 7,000 foot wall of ice on the Moose's Tooth in the Ruth Gorge Amphitheatre of Alaska's McKinley range. Much of this early mountaineering appeared in many of his books, including the early metaphysical epic, ''Tsa'', and a novel set in Ladakh (where he had spent nearly a year while working on his Ph.D.) titled ''Deva'', with a Preface by Kimon Friar. Tobias edited an anthology, ''The Mountain Spirit'', as well as the anthologized work, ''Mountain People''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael Tobias」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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